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Nanotheranostics 2019; 3(3):255-265. doi:10.7150/ntno.34727 This issue Cite

Research Paper

68Ga-Sienna+ for PET-MRI Guided Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation in a Metastatic Breast Cancer Model

Heli Savolainen1, Alessia Volpe1, Alkystis Phinikaridou2, Michael Douek3, Gilbert Fruhwirth1, Rafael T. M. de Rosales1,4✉

1. Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
3. Department of Research Oncology, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
4. London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand Campus, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom (UK).

✉ Corresponding author: Rafael T. M. de Rosales, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom, Tel: +44 (0)20 718 88370, E-mail: rafael.torresac.uk

Citation:
Savolainen H, Volpe A, Phinikaridou A, Douek M, Fruhwirth G, de Rosales RTM. 68Ga-Sienna+ for PET-MRI Guided Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation in a Metastatic Breast Cancer Model. Nanotheranostics 2019; 3(3):255-265. doi:10.7150/ntno.34727. https://www.ntno.org/v03p0255.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is commonly performed in cancers that metastasise via the lymphatic system. It involves excision and histology of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and presents two main challenges: (i) sensitive whole-body localisation of SLNs, and (ii) lack of pre-operative knowledge of their metastatic status, resulting in a high number (>70%) of healthy SLN excisions. To improve SLNB, whole-body imaging could improve detection and potentially prevent unnecessary surgery by identifying healthy and metastatic SLNs. In this context, radiolabelled SPIOs and PET-MRI could find applications to locate SLNs with high sensitivity at the whole-body level (using PET) and guide high-resolution MRI to evaluate their metastatic status. Here we evaluate this approach by synthesising a GMP-compatible 68Ga-SPIO (68Ga-Sienna+) followed by PET-MR imaging and histology studies in a metastatic breast cancer mouse model.

Methods. A clinically approved SPIO for SLN localisation (Sienna+) was radiolabelled with 68Ga without a chelator. Radiochemical stability was tested in human serum. In vitro cell uptake was compared between 3E.Δ.NT breast cancer cells, expressing the hNIS reporter gene, and macrophage cell lines (J774A.1; RAW264.7.GFP). NSG-mice were inoculated with 3E.Δ.NT cells. Left axillary SLN metastasis was monitored by hNIS/SPECT-CT and compared to the healthy right axillary SLN. 68Ga-Sienna+ was injected into front paws and followed by PET-MRI. Imaging results were confirmed by histology.

Results. 68Ga-Sienna+ was produced in high radiochemical purity (>93%) without the need for purification and was stable in vitro. In vitro uptake of 68Ga-Sienna+ in macrophage cells (J774A.1) was significantly higher (12 ± 1%) than in cancer cells (2.0 ± 0.1%; P < 0.001). SPECT-CT confirmed metastasis in the left axillary SLNs of tumour mice. In PET, significantly higher 68Ga-Sienna+ uptake was measured in healthy axillary SLNs (2.2 ± 0.9 %ID/mL), than in metastatic SLNs (1.1 ± 0.2 %ID/mL; P = 0.006). In MRI, 68Ga-Sienna+ uptake in healthy SLNs was observed by decreased MR signal in T2/T2*-weighted sequences, whereas fully metastatic SLNs appeared unchanged.

Conclusion. 68Ga-Sienna+ in combination with PET-MRI can locate and distinguish healthy from metastatic SLNs and could be a useful preoperative imaging tool to guide SLN biopsy and prevent unnecessary excisions.

Keywords: 68Ga, PET-MRI, sentinel lymph node biopsy, SPIO

Citation styles

APA
Savolainen, H., Volpe, A., Phinikaridou, A., Douek, M., Fruhwirth, G., de Rosales, R.T.M. (2019). 68Ga-Sienna+ for PET-MRI Guided Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation in a Metastatic Breast Cancer Model. Nanotheranostics, 3(3), 255-265. https://doi.org/10.7150/ntno.34727.

ACS
Savolainen, H.; Volpe, A.; Phinikaridou, A.; Douek, M.; Fruhwirth, G.; de Rosales, R.T.M. 68Ga-Sienna+ for PET-MRI Guided Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation in a Metastatic Breast Cancer Model. Nanotheranostics 2019, 3 (3), 255-265. DOI: 10.7150/ntno.34727.

NLM
Savolainen H, Volpe A, Phinikaridou A, Douek M, Fruhwirth G, de Rosales RTM. 68Ga-Sienna+ for PET-MRI Guided Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation in a Metastatic Breast Cancer Model. Nanotheranostics 2019; 3(3):255-265. doi:10.7150/ntno.34727. https://www.ntno.org/v03p0255.htm

CSE
Savolainen H, Volpe A, Phinikaridou A, Douek M, Fruhwirth G, de Rosales RTM. 2019. 68Ga-Sienna+ for PET-MRI Guided Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation in a Metastatic Breast Cancer Model. Nanotheranostics. 3(3):255-265.

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